IDT5P49V5901A DATASHEET
Equation 1 and the table of XTAL[5:0] tuning capacitor
characteristics show that the parallel tuning capacitance can
be set between 4.5pF to 12.5pF with a resolution of 0.25 pF.
Consider two examples.
Reference Clock Input Pins and
Selection
The IDT5P49V5901A supports up to two clock inputs. One of
the clock inputs (XIN/ REF) can be driven by either an external
crystal or a reference clock. The second clock input (CLKIN,
CLKINB) can only be driven from an external reference clock.
The CLKSEL pin selects the input clock between either
XTAL/REF or (CLKIN, CLKINB).
For a crystal CL= 8pF, where CL is the parallel capacity
specified by the crystal vendor that sets the crystal frequency
to the nominal value. Under the assumptions that the stray
capacity between the crystal leads on the circuit board is zero
and that no external tuning caps are placed on the crystal
leads, then the internal parallel tuning capacity is equal to the
load capacity presented to the crystal by the VersaClock.
Equation 1 allows for the direct calculation that XTAL[5:0] = 14
(dec).
Either clock input can be set as the primary clock. The primary
clock designation is to establish which is the main reference
clock to the PLL. The non-primary clock is designated as the
secondary clock in case the primary clock goes absent and a
backup is needed. The PRIMSRC bit determines which clock
input will be selected as primary clock. When PRIMSRC bit is
“0”, XIN/REF is selected as the primary clock, and when “1”,
(CLKIN, CLKINB) as the primary clock.
In the case of a CL = 18pF crystal, the maximum internal
parallel tuning cap of 12.5pF will be insufficient. Two external
tuning capacitors must be added to the circuit board, one on
each of XIN and XOUT. For maximum turning range, set the
value of the two external tuning caps so that XTAL[5:0] is set
in the middle of its range, 8pF/2 = 4pF and XTAL[5:0] = 32
(dec). Using Equation 1, the internal tuning capacitor is set for
4.5pF + 4pF = 8.5pF. The remaining tuning capacity is 18pF -
8.5pF = 9.5pF. Each external tuning capacitor is then 2*9.5pF
= 19pF.
The two external reference clocks can be manually selected
using the CLKSEL pin. The SM bits must be set to “0x” for
manual switchover which is detailed in Manual Switchover
Mode section.
Crystal Input (XIN/REF)
The crystal used should be a fundamental mode quartz
crystal; overtone crystals should not be used.
The internal load capacitors are true parallel-plate capacitors
for ultra-linear performance. Parallel-plate capacitors were
chosen to reduce the frequency shift that occurs when
non-linear load capacitance interacts with load, bias, supply,
and temperature changes. External non-linear crystal load
capacitors should not be used for applications that are
sensitive to absolute frequency requirements.
When a crystal is connected across the XIN/REF and XOUT
pins it is important to set the internal tuning capacitor values
correctly to achieve the highest clock frequency accuracy.
There are two equal valued tuning capacitors, one for XIN and
one for XOUT and each capacitor provides a parallel path for
its associated pin to the internal ground of the device. The
values of these capacitors are composed of a fixed capacity
plus a variable capacity set with the XTAL[5:0] register
Manual Switchover Mode
When SM[1:0] is “0x”, the redundant inputs are in manual
switchover mode. In this mode, CLKSEL pin is used to switch
between the primary and secondary clock sources. The
primary and secondary clock source setting is determined by
the PRIMSRC bit. During the switchover, no glitches will occur
at the output of the device, although there may be frequency
and phase drift, depending on the exact phase and frequency
relationship between the primary and secondary clocks.
2
through the I C interface. Adjustment of the crystal tuning
capacitors through firmware allows for maximum flexibility to
accommodate crystals from various manufacturers. The
range of tuning capacitor values available are in accordance
with the following table.
XTAL[5:0] Tuning Capacitor Characteristics
Parameter
Bits
Step (pF)
Min (pF)
Max (pF)
XTAL
6
0.5
0
16
The AC voltages on the XIN and XOUT pins are out of phase,
which allows the two XTAL[5:0] tuning capacitors to be
translated into a single equivalent parallel load capacitor
across XIN and XOUT by dividing the tuning capacity by two.
Adding the fixed parallel capacity and the effective parallel
tuning capacity set by XTAL results in the total parallel tuning
capacity provided by the VersaClock.
XTAL load cap = 4.5pF + (XTAL[5:0]/2) (Eq. 1)
PROGRAMMABLE CLOCK GENERATOR
6
REVISION D 10/21/14